The Trump administration's intervention in Venezuela marks a return to form for the US, one that has been brewing for decades. The notion of "naked imperialism", coined by historian Alan McPherson, aptly describes the era of unbridled military force and economic coercion employed by the United States in its dealings with Latin American nations.
The US has a long history of intervening in its continental neighbors, often through covert actions that topple democratically elected governments, ushering in military dictatorships. Examples include Brazil, Chile, and Argentina, where the CIA and FBI advised repressive regimes to silence dissidents under Operation Condor. In Mexico, the annexation of Texas led to a US invasion in 1847, resulting in the signing of a treaty that ceded 55% of Mexican territory.
In Cuba, the US supported the overthrow of the government in 1898 and occupied the island until 1902, with GuantΓ‘namo Bay remaining under US control. The CIA's involvement in Haitian affairs began after the US invaded the country in 1915, taking control of customs and finances until 1934.
The most notable instance of US intervention was the coup in Brazil in 1964, where the US supported a military government that ruled for over two decades. Panama also saw US-backed separatism lead to independence from Colombia in 1903, with Washington retaining significant influence until the 1989 invasion that ousted dictator Noriega.
Today, Venezuela is facing an unprecedented crisis, and Trump's comments on "American dominance" in the region are a stark reminder of the US's long history of intervening in South America. The capture of NicolΓ‘s Maduro and the bombing campaign raise questions about the future of Venezuelan democracy and the intentions of the Trump administration.
As McPherson noted, it is rare for US interventions to be followed by "peace, tranquillity, stability, and democracy". Instead, they often create long-term problems of succession. The current situation in Venezuela is likely to be no exception, with the fate of the country hanging precariously in the balance.
The US has a long history of intervening in its continental neighbors, often through covert actions that topple democratically elected governments, ushering in military dictatorships. Examples include Brazil, Chile, and Argentina, where the CIA and FBI advised repressive regimes to silence dissidents under Operation Condor. In Mexico, the annexation of Texas led to a US invasion in 1847, resulting in the signing of a treaty that ceded 55% of Mexican territory.
In Cuba, the US supported the overthrow of the government in 1898 and occupied the island until 1902, with GuantΓ‘namo Bay remaining under US control. The CIA's involvement in Haitian affairs began after the US invaded the country in 1915, taking control of customs and finances until 1934.
The most notable instance of US intervention was the coup in Brazil in 1964, where the US supported a military government that ruled for over two decades. Panama also saw US-backed separatism lead to independence from Colombia in 1903, with Washington retaining significant influence until the 1989 invasion that ousted dictator Noriega.
Today, Venezuela is facing an unprecedented crisis, and Trump's comments on "American dominance" in the region are a stark reminder of the US's long history of intervening in South America. The capture of NicolΓ‘s Maduro and the bombing campaign raise questions about the future of Venezuelan democracy and the intentions of the Trump administration.
As McPherson noted, it is rare for US interventions to be followed by "peace, tranquillity, stability, and democracy". Instead, they often create long-term problems of succession. The current situation in Venezuela is likely to be no exception, with the fate of the country hanging precariously in the balance.